Bump to v1.5.7

Feature/force notify ns

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+## Unreleased
+- Add the option to send a NOTIFY directly to a zone's own nameservers when its SOA serial number
+  changes. Enable it per zone via a boolean custom field named by `notify_ns_custom_field_name`,
+  globally for all zones via `notify_ns_all_zones` (default `False`), or both. Nameserver addresses
+  are resolved from NetBox DNS A/AAAA records within the zone's view and the NOTIFY is signed with
+  the per-view TSIG key. A companion `notify_ns_port` setting (default 53) controls the destination
+  port.
+
 ## 1.0.7 - 2026-03-02
 README Change - Moving private keys to global scope since Bind 9.20 view scoped keys have become unreliable and sometimes wouldnt match.
 

README.md

@@ -74,27 +74,68 @@ multiple views yields unpredicted behavior.
 #### NOTIFY
 Clients may be notified of zone changes using the NOTIFY mechanism defined in RFC 1996.
 When enabled, the zone transfer endpoint keeps track of any client that successfully queried the
-endpoint and when a zone changes. Once a zone has changed, NetBox informs each client of change.
+endpoint. Once a zone has changed, NetBox informs each client about the zone changed so that the
+client can request a new zone transfer.
 
 Note that this feature uses NetBox's background job system to schedule the messages asynchronously.
 In order to work, you need at least one `rq-worker` service running in the background to handle
-the queried jobs.
+the queued jobs.
 
-To enable the NOTIFY feature, set following:
+##### NOTIFY Settings
 ```
 'notify_clients': True
 ```
-##### NOTIFY Settings
+This enables the NOTIFY system. Defaults to False
+
 ```
-notify_client_alive_threshold_hours: 24
+'notify_client_alive_threshold_hours': 24
 ```
 This sets how long a client is considred "alive" after it last queried the transfer endpoint. 
 Once the client has failed to check in for this amout of time, it is automatically removed from the
 list of clients to be notified on zone changes. Default is 24 hours.
 ```
-notify_over_tcp: True
+'notify_over_tcp': True
 ```
-Switch to using TCP instead of UDP. Default: False
+Switch to using TCP instead of UDP. Defaults to False
+
+#### NOTIFY to a zone's own nameservers
+In addition to notifying clients that queried the transfer endpoint, the plugin can send a NOTIFY
+directly to a zone's own nameservers whenever that zone's SOA serial number changes. This is useful
+when you want nameservers to pull updates immediately, independent of the `notify_clients` mechanism.
+Only a change of the SOA serial triggers this — other zone edits that leave the serial untouched do
+not.
+
+This can be enabled per zone, globally, or both. If neither of the settings below is configured, the
+feature is disabled entirely.
+
+**Per zone (custom field).** Create a boolean custom field (e.g. `dns_bridge_notify_ns`) that applies
+to `netbox_dns > zone`, then point the plugin at it:
+```
+'notify_ns_custom_field_name': 'dns_bridge_notify_ns'
+```
+A NOTIFY is then sent for any zone whose custom field is set to `True`. This lets you toggle the
+behavior per zone straight from the NetBox UI, without changing the plugin config.
+
+**Globally (all zones).**
+```
+'notify_ns_all_zones': True
+```
+When enabled, a NOTIFY is sent for every zone on serial change, regardless of the custom field.
+Defaults to `False`. The two options coexist: a NOTIFY is sent if the global switch is on **or** the
+zone's custom field is set.
+
+The nameserver addresses are resolved from NetBox DNS itself by looking up active A/AAAA records
+(within the zone's view) matching each nameserver's hostname. The NOTIFY messages are signed with the
+same per-view TSIG key configured under `tsig_keys`, so the receiving nameservers must accept NOTIFY
+signed with that key (e.g. BIND's `allow-notify { key "..."; };`).
+
+```
+'notify_ns_port': 53
+```
+Destination port used for these NOTIFY messages. Defaults to 53.
+
+As with the client NOTIFY feature, this uses NetBox's background job system, so at least one
+`rq-worker` service must be running.
 
 ## Plugin compatibility
 This plugin extends the netbox-plugin-dns plugin. As such the versioning was changed to match the

netbox_dns_bridge/__init__.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from netbox.plugins import PluginConfig
 from django.conf import settings
 from .logger import get_logger
 
-__version__ = "1.5.4"
+__version__ = "1.5.7"
 
 LOGGER = get_logger(__name__)
 

netbox_dns_bridge/catalog_zone_manager.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import dns.zone
 import dns.rdatatype
 import dns.rdataclass
 from .logger import get_logger
-from netbox_dns.models import Zone
+from netbox_dns.models import Zone as NBZone
 from netbox_dns_bridge.models import IntegerKeyValueSetting, CatalogZoneMemberIdentifier
 from uuid import uuid4
 from base64 import b32encode
@@ -12,30 +12,30 @@ from django.db import transaction, close_old_connections, OperationalError
 LOGGER = get_logger(__name__)
 
 
-def init() -> None:
-    _init_soa_serial()
-    _create_missing_member_identifiers()
-
-
 def increment_soa_serial() -> int:
     with transaction.atomic():
         try:
-            soa_serial = IntegerKeyValueSetting.objects.select_for_update().get(
-                key="catalog-zone-soa-serial"
+            soa_serial_obj, _ = (
+                IntegerKeyValueSetting.objects.select_for_update().get_or_create(
+                    key="catalog-zone-soa-serial",
+                    defaults={"value": 1},
+                )
             )
 
-            new_soa_serial = soa_serial.value + 1
+            new_soa_serial = soa_serial_obj.value + 1
             if new_soa_serial > 0xFFFFFFFF:
                 LOGGER.warning(
-                    f"Catalog serial {soa_serial.value} reached max — wrapping back to 1"
+                    f"Catalog serial {soa_serial_obj.value} reached max — wrapping back to 1"
                 )
                 new_soa_serial = 1
-            soa_serial.value = new_soa_serial
-            soa_serial.save()
-            soa_serial.refresh_from_db()
-            LOGGER.debug(f"Catalog zone SOA serial number is now {soa_serial.value}")
+            soa_serial_obj.value = new_soa_serial
+            soa_serial_obj.save()
+            soa_serial_obj.refresh_from_db()
+            LOGGER.debug(
+                f"Catalog zone SOA serial number is now {soa_serial_obj.value}"
+            )
 
-            return soa_serial.value
+            return soa_serial_obj.value
         except OperationalError as e:
             LOGGER.error(
                 f"ERROR: Failed to increment the Catalog Zone's SOA serial: {e}"
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def create_zone(name, view_name) -> dns.zone.Zone:
 
     try:
         # get zones from netbox
-        nb_zones = Zone.objects.filter(
+        nb_zones = NBZone.objects.filter(
             view__name=view_name, active=True
         ).select_related("catz_identifier")
 
@@ -64,7 +64,14 @@ def create_zone(name, view_name) -> dns.zone.Zone:
             qname = dns.name.from_text(nb_zone.name, dns.name.root)
 
             # Create PTR record
-            p_name = nb_zone.catz_identifier.name
+            try:
+                catz_identifier = nb_zone.catz_identifier
+            except NBZone.catz_identifier.RelatedObjectDoesNotExist:
+                catz_identifier = CatalogZoneMemberIdentifier.objects.create(
+                    zone=nb_zone, name=_generate_member_identifier()
+                )
+
+            p_name = catz_identifier.name
 
             ptr_name = dns.name.from_text(p_name, ptr_base)
             if not ptr_name.is_subdomain(origin):
@@ -113,25 +120,11 @@ def create_zone(name, view_name) -> dns.zone.Zone:
         return None
 
 
-def _init_soa_serial() -> None:
-    try:
-        IntegerKeyValueSetting.objects.get(key="catalog-zone-soa-serial")
-        LOGGER.info("Catalog zone SOA serial number loaded from database")
-    except IntegerKeyValueSetting.DoesNotExist:
-        IntegerKeyValueSetting.objects.create(key="catalog-zone-soa-serial", value=1)
-        LOGGER.debug(
-            "Catalog zone SOA serial number was not set in the database. Set to 1"
-        )
-    except OperationalError as e:
-        LOGGER.error(f"ERROR: Failed to initialize the Catalog Zone's SOA serial: {e}")
-        close_old_connections()
-
-
 def _generate_member_identifier() -> str:
     return b32encode(uuid4().bytes)[0:26].lower().decode("UTF-8")
 
 
-def update_member_identifier(zone: Zone) -> None:
+def update_member_identifier(zone: NBZone) -> None:
     try:
         CatalogZoneMemberIdentifier.objects.update_or_create(
             zone=zone,
@@ -142,40 +135,12 @@ def update_member_identifier(zone: Zone) -> None:
         close_old_connections()
 
 
-def _create_missing_member_identifiers() -> None:
-    try:
-        existing_zone_ids = CatalogZoneMemberIdentifier.objects.values_list(
-            "zone_id", flat=True
-        )
-
-        missing_zones = Zone.objects.exclude(id__in=existing_zone_ids)
-
-        new_objects = [
-            CatalogZoneMemberIdentifier(
-                zone=zone,
-                name=_generate_member_identifier(),
-            )
-            for zone in missing_zones
-        ]
-
-        for identifier in new_objects:
-            LOGGER.debug(
-                f"Zone {identifier.zone} missing catz member identifier. Creating..."
-            )
-
-        CatalogZoneMemberIdentifier.objects.bulk_create(
-            new_objects,
-            ignore_conflicts=False,
-        )
-
-    except OperationalError as e:
-        LOGGER.error(f"ERROR: Could not create catz member identifier: {e}")
-        close_old_connections()
-
-
 def _create_soa_rdataset() -> dns.rdataset:
     try:
-        serial = IntegerKeyValueSetting.objects.get(key="catalog-zone-soa-serial").value
+        serial_obj, _ = IntegerKeyValueSetting.objects.get_or_create(
+            key="catalog-zone-soa-serial", defaults={"value": 1}
+        )
+        serial = serial_obj.value
 
         # SOA Record components
         ttl = 0

netbox_dns_bridge/management/commands/dns-transfer-endpoint.py

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.db import close_old_connections, OperationalError
 from netbox_dns.models import View
-from netbox_dns_bridge import catalog_zone_manager as catzm
 from netbox_dns_bridge.request_handler import UDPRequestHandler, TCPRequestHandler
 from netbox_dns_bridge.dns_server import UDPDNSServer, TCPDNSServer
 from netbox_dns_bridge.logger import get_logger
@@ -80,7 +79,6 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
         # Load parameters
         port = options["port"]
         address = options["address"]
-        catzm.init()
 
         self.tsig_keys = SETTINGS.get("tsig_keys", None)
         if not self.tsig_keys:

netbox_dns_bridge/notify_handler.py

@@ -18,50 +18,51 @@ LOGGER = get_logger(__name__)
 SETTINGS = settings.PLUGINS_CONFIG["netbox_dns_bridge"]
 
 
+def _load_tsig_key(view_name: str) -> dns.tsig.Key:
+    tsig_keys = SETTINGS.get("tsig_keys", {})
+    if view_name not in tsig_keys:
+        raise RuntimeError(f"No TSIG key configured for view '{view_name}'")
+
+    key_data = tsig_keys[view_name]
+    raw_key_name = key_data.get("keyname")
+    secret = key_data.get("secret")
+    algorithm = key_data.get("algorithm")
+    if not algorithm:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            f"Missing 'algorithm' in TSIG key configuration for view '{view_name}'"
+        )
+
+    if not raw_key_name or not secret:
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Incomplete TSIG key configuration for view '{view_name}'")
+
+    key_name = dns.name.from_text(raw_key_name, origin=None).canonicalize()
+    if not key_name.is_absolute():
+        key_name = key_name.concatenate(dns.name.root)
+
+    return dns.tsig.Key(name=key_name, secret=secret, algorithm=algorithm)
+
+
 class SendDNSNotify(JobRunner):
     class Meta:
         name = "Send DNS NOTIFY"
 
-    def _load_tsig_key(self, view_name: str) -> dns.tsig.Key:
-        tsig_keys = SETTINGS.get("tsig_keys", {})
-        if view_name not in tsig_keys:
-            raise RuntimeError(f"No TSIG key configured for view '{view_name}'")
-
-        key_data = tsig_keys[view_name]
-        raw_key_name = key_data.get("keyname")
-        secret = key_data.get("secret")
-        algorithm = key_data.get("algorithm")
-        if not algorithm:
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                f"Missing 'algorithm' in TSIG key configuration for view '{view_name}'"
-            )
-
-        if not raw_key_name or not secret:
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                f"Incomplete TSIG key configuration for view '{view_name}'"
-            )
-
-        key_name = dns.name.from_text(raw_key_name, origin=None).canonicalize()
-        if not key_name.is_absolute():
-            key_name = key_name.concatenate(dns.name.root)
-
-        return dns.tsig.Key(name=key_name, secret=secret, algorithm=algorithm)
-
     def run(self, *args, **kwargs):
         notify_over_tcp = SETTINGS.get("notify_over_tcp", False)
         view_name = kwargs["view_name"]
 
         try:
-            catz_serial = IntegerKeyValueSetting.objects.get(key="catalog-zone-soa-serial").value
+            catz_serial = IntegerKeyValueSetting.objects.get(
+                key="catalog-zone-soa-serial"
+            ).value
 
             zones = [
                 (kwargs["zone_name"], kwargs["soa_serial"]),
-                ("catz",              catz_serial),
-                (f"{view_name}.catz", catz_serial)
+                ("catz", catz_serial),
+                (f"{view_name}.catz", catz_serial),
             ]
 
             view = View.objects.get(name=view_name)
-            tsig_key = self._load_tsig_key(view_name)
+            tsig_key = _load_tsig_key(view_name)
             cutoff_hours = SETTINGS.get("notify_client_alive_threshold_hours", 24)
             seen_cutoff = timezone.now() - timezone.timedelta(hours=cutoff_hours)
 
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ class SendDNSNotify(JobRunner):
             for zone_name, soa_serial in zones:
                 zone_name = dns.name.from_text(zone_name, dns.name.root).to_text()
                 msg = dns.message.make_query(zone_name, dns.rdatatype.SOA)
-                msg.flags = 0
+                msg.flags |= dns.flags.AA  # = 0
                 msg.set_opcode(dns.opcode.NOTIFY)
 
                 soa_rdata = dns.rdata.from_text(
@@ -80,9 +81,7 @@ class SendDNSNotify(JobRunner):
                     dns.rdatatype.SOA,
                     f"invalid. invalid. {soa_serial} 60 10 1209600 0",
                 )
-                soa_rrset = dns.rrset.from_rdata(
-                    zone_name, 0, soa_rdata
-                )
+                soa_rrset = dns.rrset.from_rdata(zone_name, 0, soa_rdata)
                 msg.authority.append(soa_rrset)
                 msg.use_tsig(keyring={tsig_key.name: tsig_key}, keyname=tsig_key.name)
 
@@ -112,27 +111,139 @@ class SendDNSNotify(JobRunner):
             close_old_connections()
 
 
-def schedule(zone: Zone):
-    try:
-        soa_record = Record.objects.filter(
-            zone=zone, type="SOA", active=True
-        ).first()
-        if soa_record is None:
-            LOGGER.error(
-                f"Zone {zone.name} has no active SOA record — skipping NOTIFY"
+class SendZoneNSNotify(JobRunner):
+    """Send a NOTIFY straight to a zone's own nameservers.
+
+    Unlike ``SendDNSNotify`` (which notifies clients that previously queried the
+    transfer endpoint), this job resolves the addresses of the zone's configured
+    nameservers from NetBox DNS itself and notifies each of them so they pick up
+    the changed zone quickly.
+    """
+
+    class Meta:
+        name = "Send DNS NOTIFY to zone nameservers"
+
+    def run(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        notify_over_tcp = SETTINGS.get("notify_over_tcp", False)
+        port = SETTINGS.get("notify_ns_port", 53)
+        view_name = kwargs["view_name"]
+        zone_name = kwargs["zone_name"]
+        soa_serial = kwargs["soa_serial"]
+
+        try:
+            zone = Zone.objects.get(pk=kwargs["zone_id"])
+        except Zone.DoesNotExist:
+            LOGGER.error(f"NS NOTIFY: zone id {kwargs['zone_id']} no longer exists")
+            return
+        except OperationalError as e:
+            LOGGER.error(f"NS NOTIFY failed due to unexpected error: {e}")
+            close_old_connections()
+            return
+
+        ns_targets = _resolve_zone_nameserver_ips(zone)
+        if not ns_targets:
+            LOGGER.warning(
+                f"NS NOTIFY: no nameserver addresses found in NetBox DNS for "
+                f"{view_name}/{zone_name} — skipping"
             )
             return
 
-        soa_serial = int(soa_record.value.split()[2])
+        try:
+            tsig_key = _load_tsig_key(view_name)
+        except RuntimeError as e:
+            LOGGER.error(
+                f"NS NOTIFY aborted for {view_name}/{zone_name}: {e}"
+            )
+            return
+
+        fqdn = dns.name.from_text(zone_name, dns.name.root).to_text()
+        msg = dns.message.make_query(fqdn, dns.rdatatype.SOA)
+        msg.flags |= dns.flags.AA
+        msg.set_opcode(dns.opcode.NOTIFY)
+
+        soa_rdata = dns.rdata.from_text(
+            dns.rdataclass.IN,
+            dns.rdatatype.SOA,
+            f"invalid. invalid. {soa_serial} 60 10 1209600 0",
+        )
+        msg.authority.append(dns.rrset.from_rdata(fqdn, 0, soa_rdata))
+        msg.use_tsig(keyring={tsig_key.name: tsig_key}, keyname=tsig_key.name)
+
+        for ip in ns_targets:
+            try:
+                if notify_over_tcp:
+                    LOGGER.debug("Sending NS NOTIFY over TCP")
+                    dns.query.tcp(msg, ip, port=port, timeout=2)
+                else:
+                    LOGGER.debug("Sending NS NOTIFY over UDP")
+                    dns.query.udp(msg, ip, port=port, timeout=2)
+
+                LOGGER.info(
+                    f"NS NOTIFY sent: {ip} {view_name}/{fqdn} {soa_serial}"
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                LOGGER.error(
+                    f"NS NOTIFY failed: {ip} {view_name}/{fqdn} {soa_serial}: {e}"
+                )
+
+
+def _get_soa_serial(zone: Zone):
+    """Return the current SOA serial of a zone parsed from its SOA record."""
+    try:
+        soa_record = Record.objects.filter(zone=zone, type="SOA", active=True).first()
+        if soa_record is None:
+            LOGGER.error(f"Zone {zone.name} has no active SOA record — skipping NOTIFY")
+            return None
+
+        return int(soa_record.value.split()[2])
 
     except OperationalError as e:
         LOGGER.error(f"DB ERROR while fetching SOA for zone {zone.name}: {e}")
         close_old_connections()
-        return
+        return None
     except (ValueError, IndexError) as e:
-        LOGGER.error(
-            f"Failed to parse SOA serial for zone {zone.name}: {e}"
-        )
+        LOGGER.error(f"Failed to parse SOA serial for zone {zone.name}: {e}")
+        return None
+
+
+def _resolve_zone_nameserver_ips(zone: Zone) -> list:
+    """Resolve the zone's nameserver hostnames to IPs using NetBox DNS records.
+
+    For each nameserver assigned to the zone, matching active A/AAAA records
+    within the same view are looked up in NetBox DNS. Returns a de-duplicated,
+    order-preserving list of IP addresses.
+    """
+    ips = []
+    try:
+        nameservers = list(zone.nameservers.all())
+        view = zone.view
+
+        for nameserver in nameservers:
+            fqdn = dns.name.from_text(nameserver.name, dns.name.root).to_text()
+            # Match both with and without a trailing dot to be resilient against
+            # how the fqdn is stored on the Record model.
+            candidates = {fqdn, fqdn.rstrip(".")}
+
+            records = Record.objects.filter(
+                fqdn__in=list(candidates),
+                type__in=["A", "AAAA"],
+                active=True,
+                zone__view=view,
+            )
+            for record in records:
+                if record.value not in ips:
+                    ips.append(record.value)
+
+    except OperationalError as e:
+        LOGGER.error(f"DB ERROR while resolving nameservers for {zone.name}: {e}")
+        close_old_connections()
+
+    return ips
+
+
+def schedule(zone: Zone):
+    soa_serial = _get_soa_serial(zone)
+    if soa_serial is None:
         return
 
     SendDNSNotify.enqueue(
@@ -140,3 +251,16 @@ def schedule(zone: Zone):
         view_name=zone.view.name,
         soa_serial=soa_serial,
     )
+
+
+def schedule_notify_ns(zone: Zone):
+    soa_serial = _get_soa_serial(zone)
+    if soa_serial is None:
+        return
+
+    SendZoneNSNotify.enqueue(
+        zone_id=zone.pk,
+        zone_name=zone.name,
+        view_name=zone.view.name,
+        soa_serial=soa_serial,
+    )

netbox_dns_bridge/request_handler.py

@@ -215,6 +215,10 @@ class DNSBaseRequestHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
             else:
                 rrsets.append(rrset)
 
+        if soa_rrset is None:
+            LOGGER.error(f"Zone {dname} has no SOA — aborting")
+            return
+
         rrsets.insert(0, soa_rrset)  # Opening SOA
         rrsets.append(soa_rrset)  # Closing SOA
 

netbox_dns_bridge/signals/netbox_dns_zones.py

@@ -15,11 +15,15 @@ def zone_pre_save(sender, instance, **kwargs):
     zone = instance
     if zone.pk:
         try:
-            zone._old_name = sender.objects.only("name").get(pk=zone.pk).name
+            old = sender.objects.only("name", "soa_serial").get(pk=zone.pk)
+            zone._old_name = old.name
+            zone._old_soa_serial = old.soa_serial
         except sender.DoesNotExist:
             zone._old_name = None
+            zone._old_soa_serial = None
     else:
         zone._old_name = None
+        zone._old_soa_serial = None
 
 
 @receiver(post_save, sender=Zone)
@@ -27,13 +31,21 @@ def zone_post_save(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
     zone = instance
 
     # Quit if this is not the first signal in this session for this zone.
-    request = current_request.get()
-    if request is not None:
+    try:
+        request = current_request.get()
         handled_zones = getattr(request, "_handled_zones", set())
         if zone.pk in handled_zones:
             return
         handled_zones.add(zone.pk)
         request._handled_zones = handled_zones
+    except LookupError:
+        pass
+
+    # Determine whether the zone's SOA serial number changed with this save.
+    # A newly created zone is always considered to have a "changed" serial.
+    old_soa_serial = getattr(zone, "_old_soa_serial", None)
+    new_soa_serial = getattr(zone, "soa_serial", None)
+    soa_serial_changed = created or (old_soa_serial != new_soa_serial)
 
     # On commit, increment soa serial and if notify is enabled, schedule bg job.
     def _on_commit():
@@ -42,6 +54,11 @@ def zone_post_save(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
         if SETTINGS.get("notify_clients", False):
             notify_handler.schedule(zone)
 
+        # Send a NOTIFY to the zone's own nameservers when its SOA serial changed
+        # and the feature is enabled — globally or per zone via a custom field.
+        if soa_serial_changed and _notify_ns_enabled(zone):
+            notify_handler.schedule_notify_ns(zone)
+
     transaction.on_commit(_on_commit)
 
     if created:
@@ -53,6 +70,25 @@ def zone_post_save(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
         if old_name and zone.name != old_name:
             catzm.update_member_identifier(zone)
 
+
 @receiver(post_delete, sender=Zone)
 def zone_post_delete(sender, instance, **kwargs):
     catzm.increment_soa_serial()
+
+
+def _notify_ns_enabled(zone) -> bool:
+    """Return True if a NOTIFY to the zone's nameservers should be sent.
+
+    Enabled either globally for every zone via ``notify_ns_all_zones`` or per
+    zone when the boolean custom field named by ``notify_ns_custom_field_name``
+    is set to True on the zone.
+    """
+    if SETTINGS.get("notify_ns_all_zones", False):
+        return True
+
+    cf_name = SETTINGS.get("notify_ns_custom_field_name")
+    if not cf_name:
+        return False
+
+    custom_fields = getattr(zone, "custom_field_data", None) or {}
+    return custom_fields.get(cf_name) is True